====== Fast3D Display List Commands ======
The Fast3D display list commands are microcode that are passed to the RSP for rendering.  The are all 8 bytes long.

===== Fast3D Commands =====

==== 00: G_NOOP ====
No operation. This should only be used for debugging purposes.

''00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00''

==== 01: G_MTX ====
Apply transformation matrix. Used in HUD text printing code to translate textures.

''01 [<color darkred>PP</color>] 00 00 [<color purple>AA AA AA AA</color>]''

| <color darkred>P</color> | Parameters |
| <color purple>A</color> | Segmented address of vectors |

Parameters (can be OR'd together):
| 0x01 | projection (default: model view) |
| 0x02 | load (default: multiply) |
| 0x04 | push (default: no push) |

Example: Push matrix and and multiply by matrix at 0x00213DF8; Multiply by matrix at 0x00213DB8
  01 04 00 40 00 21 3D F8
  01 00 00 40 00 21 3D B8

==== 03: F3D_MOVEMEM ====
Used in Super Mario 64 to load vector lighting ambient/diffuse RGBA values.

''03 [<color darkgrey>TT</color>] 00 10 [<color purple>AA AA AA AA</color>]''

| <color darkgrey>T</color> | If 0x86, loads diffuse(light) values. If 0x88, loads ambient(dark) values |
| <color purple>A</color> | Segmented address of RGBA |

Example: Loads diffuse RGBA from 0x0 in RAM bank 0x0E; loads ambient RGBA from 0x08 in RAM Bank 0x0E
  03 86 00 10 0E 00 00 00
  03 88 00 10 0E 00 00 08

----

==== 04: F3D_VTX ====
Fills the vertex buffer with vertex information (ex. coordinates, color values).  Max amount of bytes to load in F3D is 0x100 (16 vertices).

''04 [<color darkred>N</color>][<color darkgreen>I</color>] [<color darkblue>LL LL</color>] [<color purple>SS SS SS SS</color>]''

| <color darkred>N</color> | Number of vertices - 1 |
| <color darkgreen>I</color> | Where to start writing vertices inside the vertex buffer |
| <color darkblue>L</color> | Length of vertex data to write ((<color darkred>N</color>+1)*0x10) |
| <color purple>S</color> | Segmented address where vertices are stored |

Example: Load 15 (0xF0 / 0x10) vertices from 0x0E000780 (current map data) - and put them into the vertex buffer, starting at position 0.
  04 E0 00 F0 0E 00 07 80

----

==== 06: F3D_DL ====
Signifies the start of a Display List. May be used to link data and branch the current DL.

''06 [<color blue>AA</color>] 00 00 [<color purple>BB BB BB BB</color>]''

| <color blue>AA</color> | 00 = store return address, 01 = don't store (end DL after branch) |
| <color purple>B</color> | Segmented Address to branch to |

Example: Loads a display list from 0xA50 in bank 0x07.
  06 00 00 00 07 00 0A 50

----

==== B5: F3D_QUAD ====
Renders one quad according to the vertices inside the vertex buffer

''B5 [<color darkred>AA</color>] [<color darkgreen>BB</color>] [<color darkblue>CC</color>] 00 [<color red>DD</color>] [<color green>EE</color>] [<color blue>FF</color>]''

| <color darkred>A</color> | First vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |
| <color darkgreen>B</color> | Second vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |
| <color darkblue>C</color> | Third vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |
| <color red>D</color> | Fourth vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |
| <color green>E</color> | Fifth vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |
| <color blue>F</color> | Sixth vertex to use for the quad (* 0x0A) |

Example: Render a quad using the vertex data specified at the vertex buffer positions 0, 1 (0x0A / 0x0A), 2 (0x14 / 0x0A), 0, 2 (0x14 / 0x0A) and 3 (0x1E / 0x0A).
  B5 00 0A 14 00 00 14 1E

----

==== B6: F3D_CLEARGEOMETRYMODE ====
Enables or disables certain geometry parameters (ex. lighting, front-/backface culling, Z-buffer). Used at start of Display List.

''B6 00 00 00 [<color purple>AA AA AA AA</color>]''

| <color purple>A</color> | Various parameters |

Parameters (can be OR'd together):
| 0x00000001 | Use Z-buffering |
| 0x00000004 | Use shading |
| 0x00000200 | Enable smooth shading (otherwise flat shading) |
| 0x00001000 | cull front facing triangles |
| 0x00002000 | cull back facing triangles |
| 0x00010000 | Fog |
| 0x00020000 | Enable lighting? Vertex colors? |
| 0x00040000 | generate texture coords using the normal |
| 0x00080000 | generate texture coords (not sure how this works)|

Examples:
  B6 00 00 00 00 02 20 00 : Vertex RGB, no culling
  B6 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 : Vertex RGB, culling
  B6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 : No vertex RGB, culling
  B6 00 00 00 00 00 22 00 : No vertex RGB, no culling

----

==== B7: F3D_SETGEOMETRYMODE ====
Enables or disables certain geometry parameters (ex. lighting, front-/backface culling, Z-buffer). Used at end of Display List.

''B7 00 00 00 [<color purple>AA AA AA AA</color>]''

| <color purple>A</color> | Various parameters |

See [[#B6: F3D_CLEARGEOMETRYMODE]] for list of parameters.

Examples:
  B7 00 00 00 00 02 20 00 : Vertex RGB, no culling
  B7 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 : Vertex RGB, culling
  B7 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 : No vertex RGB, culling
  B7 00 00 00 00 00 22 00 : No vertex RGB, no culling

----

==== B8: F3D_ENDDL ====
Terminates the current Display List

''B8 00 000 000 00 00 00''

----

==== BB: F3D_TEXTURE ====
Sets the texture scaling factor.

''BB 00 00 ?? ?? ?? ?? ??''

Examples:
  BB 00 00 01 FF FF FF FF : Standard - at start for 1 scaling.
  BB 00 00 01 0F 80 07 C0 : Special case - at start for environment mapping.
  BB 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF : Always reset to at end of the DL to reset scale to 0.

----

==== BF: F3D_TRI1 ====
Renders one triangle according to the vertices inside the vertex buffer

''BF 00 00 00 00 [<color darkred>AA</color>] [<color darkgreen>BB</color>] [<color darkblue>CC</color>]''

| <color darkred>A</color> | First vertex to use for the triangle (* 0x0A) |
| <color darkgreen>B</color> | Second vertex to use for the triangle (* 0x0A) |
| <color darkblue>C</color> | Third vertex to use for the triangle (* 0x0A) |

Example: Render a triangle using the vertex data specified at the vertex buffer positions 0, 1 (0x0A / 0x0A) and 2 (0x14 / 0x0A).

  BF 00 00 00 00 00 0A 14

----

==== E4: G_TEXRECT ====
Draws a textured 2D rectangle on the screen

''E4 [<color darkred>xx x</color>][<color darkgreen>y yy</color>] 0[<color darkblue>I</color>] [<color red>XX X</color>][<color green>Y YY</color>]''\\
''B3 00 00 00 [<color #BF9F00>SS SS</color>] [<color #8F3F10>TT TT</color>]''\\
''B2 00 00 00 [<color #3F3FFF>DD DD</color>] [<color darkcyan>EE EE</color>]''

| <color darkred>xxx</color> | Lower-right corner X coordinate |
| <color darkgreen>yyy</color> | Lower-right corner Y coordinate |
| <color darkblue>I</color> | Tile descriptor to use for rectangle |
| <color red>XXX</color> | Upper-left corner X coordinate |
| <color green>YYY</color> | Upper-left corner Y coordinate |
| <color #BF9F00>SSSS</color> | Texture S coordinate at upper-left corner |
| <color #8F3F10>TTTT</color> | Texture T coordinate at upper-left corner |
| <color #3F3FFF>DDDD</color> | Change in S coordinate over change in X coordinate |
| <color darkcyan>EEEE</color> | Change in T coordinate over change in Y coordinate |

----

==== F2: G_SETTILESIZE ====
Sets the texture coordinates and size

''F2 00 00 00 00 [<color darkred>WW W</color>][<color darkgreen>H HH</color>]''

| <color darkred>W</color> | (width - 1) << 2 |
| <color darkgreen>H</color> | (hieght - 1) << 2 |

Examples:
  F2 00 00 00 00 07 C0 7C : 32x32 textures
  F2 00 00 00 00 0F C0 7C : 64x32
  F2 00 00 00 00 07 C0 FC : 32x64

----

==== F3: G_LOADBLOCK ====
Determines how much data to load after SETTIMG

''F3 [<color darkred>SS S</color>][<color darkgreen>T TT</color>] 0[<color darkblue>I</color>] [<color purple>XX X</color>][<color darkcyan>D DD</color>]''

| <color darkred>SSS</color> | Upper-left corner of texture to load, S-axis |
| <color darkgreen>TTT</color> | Upper-left corner of texture to load, T-axis |
| <color darkblue>I</color> | Tile descriptor to load into |
| <color purple>XXX</color> | Number of texels to load to TMEM, minus one |
| <color darkcyan>DDD</color> | Change in T-axis per scanline |

Examples:
  F3 00 00 00 07 7F F1 00 : 32x64 or 64x32 RGBA Textures
  F3 00 00 00 07 3F F1 00 : 32x32 RGBA Textures 

----

==== F5: G_SETTILE ====
Sets the texture properties (ex. mirroring)

''F5 [<color darkred>XX XX XX XX XX XX XX</color>]''

| <color darkred>X</color> | Bit-wise parameters |

Bit-wise parameters:

''[<color red>fff</color>] [<color blue>ii</color>] 0 [<color green>nnnnnnnnn</color>] [<color #BF9F00>mmmmmmmmm</color>] 00000 [<color purple>ttt</color>] [<color #3F3FFF>pppp</color>] [<color orange>cc</color>] [<color darkred>aaaa</color>] [<color darkblue>ssss</color>] [<color darkgreen>dd</color>] [<color #8F3F10>bbbb</color>] [<color darkcyan>uuuu</color>]''
| <color red>fff</color> | Sets color format |
| <color blue>ii</color> | Sets bit size of pixel |
| <color green>nnnnnnnnn</color> | Number of 64-bit values per row |
| <color #BF9F00>mmmmmmmmm</color> | Offset of texture in TMEM |
| <color purple>ttt</color> | Tile descriptor being modified |
| <color #3F3FFF>pppp</color> | Which palette to use for colors (if relevant) |
| <color orange>cc</color> | Clamp and Mirror flags for the T axis |
| <color darkred>aaaa</color> | Sets how much of T axis is shown before wrapping |
| <color darkblue>ssss</color> | Sets the amount to shift T axis values after perspective division |
| <color darkgreen>dd</color> | Clamp and Mirror flags for the S axis |
| <color #8F3F10>bbbb</color> | Sets how much of S axis is shown before wrapping |
| <color darkcyan>uuuu</color> | Sets the amount to shift S axis values after perspective division |

|Color formats|||
| 0 | RGBA | Color and alpha |
| 1 | YUV |  |
| 2 | CI | Index and look-up pallet |
| 3 | IA | Grayscale and alpha |
| 4 | I | Grayscale |

|Bit sizes|||
| 0 | 4-bit | I, IA, and CI |
| 1 | 8-bit | I, IA, and CI |
| 2 | 16-bit | RGBA, IA, and YUV |
| 3 | 32-bit | RGBA |

Examples:
  F5 10 00 00 07 00 00 00 : Always loaded first for normal RGBA, followed by another F5 command
  F5 70 00 00 07 00 00 00 : Always loaded first for Grayscale, followed by another F5 command
  F5 10 10 00 07 01 40 50 : Normal for 32x32 textures after G_SETTILESIZE
  F5 10 20 00 07 01 40 60 : Normal for 64x32 textures after G_SETTILESIZE
  F5 70 10 00 07 01 40 50 : Grayscale for 32x32 textures after G_SETTILESIZE

----

==== F6: G_FILLRECT ====
Draws a colored rectangle on the screen. Use command 0xF7 to set the color of the rectangle.

''F6 [<color darkred>VV V</color>][<color darkblue>W WW</color>] 00 [<color darkgreen>XX X</color>][<color purple>Y YY</color>]''

| <color darkred>VVV</color> | Lower-right corner of rectangle, X-axis |
| <color darkblue>WWW</color> | Lower-right corner of rectangle, Y-axis |
| <color darkgreen>XXX</color> | Upper-left corner of rectangle, X-axis |
| <color purple>YYY</color> | Upper-left corner of rectangle, Y-axis |

----

==== F7: G_SETFILLCOLOR ====
Sets the fill color for use in fill mode.

''F7 00 00 00 [<color darkred>CC CC CC CC</color>]''

| <color darkred>CCCCCCCC</color> | Fill value for use in fill mode |

----

==== F8: G_SETFOGCOLOR ====
Sets the fog color

''F8 00 00 00 [<color red>RR</color>] [<color green>GG</color>] [<color blue>BB</color>] [<color darkgray>AA</color>]''

| R | red value |
| G | green value |
| B | blue value |
| A | typically set to FF |

Example: set the fog for the following polygons to pure green

  F8 00 00 00 00 FF 00 FF

----

==== FB: G_SETENVCOLOR ====
Sets the environment color for combiner

''FB 00 00 00 [<color red>RR</color>] [<color green>GG</color>] [<color blue>BB</color>] [<color darkgray>AA</color>]''


| R | red value |
| G | green value |
| B | blue value |
| A | alpha value |

Example: make everything loaded underneath the command red, and semi-transparent
  FB 00 00 00 FF 00 00 8C

----

==== FC: G_SETCOMBINE ====
Performs combining operations (ex. multi-texturing). The N64's Color Combiner calculates the output color by combining the various source colors and source alphas using the following equation: outputcolor = ( A - B ) * C + D.

''FC [<color green>XX XX XX XX XX XX XX</color>]''

| <color green>X</color> | Equation for blending. Mask is bitwise. |

Bitwise mask for X:

''[<color blue>**aaaa**</color>] [<color #808080>**ccccc**</color>] [<color #339999>**eee**</color>] [<color darkorange>**ggg**</color>] [<color #99CCCC>**iiii**</color>] [<color #663333>**kkkkk**</color>] [<color #FF29B8>**bbbb**</color>] [<color #29B8FF>**jjjj**</color>] [<color #FFC2A3>**mmm**</color>] [<color #999900>**ooo**</color>] [<color #4D2673>**ddd**</color>] [<color #57822B>**fff**</color>] [<color #2B2B82>**hhh**</color>] [<color #D0D071>**lll**</color>] [<color #990000>**nnn**</color>] [<color #00BDBD>**ppp**</color>]''

| <color blue>**a**</color> | variable 'a' for mode 1  (color) |
| <color #FF29B8>**b**</color> | variable 'b' for mode 1  (color) |
| <color #808080>**c**</color> | variable 'c' for mode 1  (color) |
| <color #4D2673>**d**</color> | variable 'd' for mode 1  (color) |
| <color #339999>**e**</color> | variable 'e' for mode 1  (alpha) |
| <color #57822B>**f**</color> | variable 'f' for mode 1  (alpha) | 
| <color darkorange>**g**</color> | variable 'g' for mode 1  (alpha) |
| <color #2B2B82>**h**</color> | variable 'h' for mode 1  (alpha) |
| <color #99CCCC>**i**</color> | variable 'a' for mode 2  (color) |
| <color #29B8FF>**j**</color> | variable 'b' for mode 2  (color) |
| <color #663333>**k**</color> | variable 'c' for mode 2  (color) |
| <color #D0D071>**l**</color> | variable 'd' for mode 2  (color) |
| <color #FFC2A3>**m**</color> | variable 'e' for mode 2  (alpha) |
| <color #990000>**n**</color> | variable 'f' for mode 2  (alpha) |
| <color #999900>**o**</color> | variable 'g' for mode 2  (alpha) |
| <color #00BDBD>**p**</color> | variable 'h' for mode 2  (alpha) |

More information here:

[[http://n64devkit.square7.ch/pro-man/pro12/12-06.htm|N64's Color Combiner]]

Examples:
  FC 12 7F FF FF FF F8 38 : Standard usage for solid RGBA textures
  FC 12 18 24 FF 33 FF FF : Standard usage for alpha RGBA textures


----

==== FD: G_SETTIMG ====
Sets the texture image offset

''FD 10 00 00 [<color purple>AA AA AA AA</color>]''

| <color purple>A</color> | Segmented address of texture |

Example: Load texture position from 0x90 in RAM bank 0x04
  FD 10 00 00 04 00 00 90

===== References =====
  * http://www.smwcentral.net/?p=viewthread&t=74389
  * http://origami64.net/showthread.php?tid=114
  * http://n64.icequake.net/doc/n64intro/kantan/step2/4-3.html
  * http://jul.rustedlogic.net/thread.php?id=1234
  * http://level42.ca/projects/ultra64/Documentation/man/pro-man/pro25/25-01.html
  * http://wiki.spinout182.com/w/F3DEX2
  * http://wiki.cloudmodding.com/oot/F3DZEX/Opcode_Details